Background: One of the most important risks in hazardous material hANDling is transportation accidents that have destroyed EFFECTS on environment AND safety of the road. Using risk management method could control accident causing factor.Methods: All factors that affect the environmental risks of oil products transportation was specified from storage to end of the path AND weighted by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) MODEl. The final MODEl was then attained using the acquired MODEl on the basis of FAILURE MODE AND effect ANALYSIS (FEMA) AND the hANDling path was evaluated.Findings: The risk value for oil hANDling tankers at various areas except of two areas that located outside or within the town or with lower control of police is accessible. The reason for risk incensement in these two areas is due to existence of agriculture, residential hoses AND high slope path.Conclusion: Transmission of oil storages inside AND outside town AND precise control of the driver ability by police is essential in reduction of environmental pollution risk of hANDling the oil products.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both dynamic AND static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the EFFECTS of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the parameters whose changes have the greatest AND least EFFECTS on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static ANALYSIS. Also, outputs of sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Farm management needs creative methods to success. (FMEA) (FAILURE MODEs AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS) is a new method to analyze potential reliability problems in the development cycle of the project, making it easier to take actions to overcome such issues, thus enhancing the reliability through design or process. Anticipating these FAILURE MODEs, being the central step in the ANALYSIS, needs to be carried on extensively, in order to prepare a list of maximum potential FAILURE MODEs. Risk is measured in terms of Risk Priority Number (RPN) that is a product of occurrence, severity, AND detection difficulty. This study attempted to improve clod mean weight diameter AND soil inversion as indicators of tillage quality by (FMEA) methodology. The results showed that low soil moisture, slow speed of ploughing AND great depth of ploughing is the most important factors that increase clod MWD with 900, 630 AND 560 RPN, respectively. Also for soil inversion the slow speed of ploughing, not using coulter, low soil moisture AND great depth of ploughing are important factors with 720, 648, 490 AND 420 RPN. Using a split - split factorial experiment with 16 treatments AND three replications also acknowledged the results of this method. After reforming the conditions AND re-testing the experiment, results showed that clod MWD was reduced 20% AND soil inversion increased 2% approximately. This study proposes the use of this technique in agricultural management.

Background: Reduction of errors is necessary to improve the quality of healthcare, promoting communication between the hospital staff AND patients, AND decreasing the patient's complaints in hospitals. Due to the high probability of error in the operating room (OR), this study aimed to detect the potential errors in the OR of Nemazee hospital using (FMEA).Materials AND Methods: This study was a qualitative one which assessed FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS of OR in six steps using (FMEA) technique. At First, the OR activities were listed, then the FAILURE MODEs were recognized. Next, the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of each error was calculated according to the indicators of Occurrence (O), Severity (S) AND Detectability (D).Results: Totally, 204 FAILURE MODEs in 36 activities in five process in surgery ward were recognized.15.7 percent of FAILURE MODEs classified as high risk factors (RPN³ 100). The most AND the least distribution of origin factors were related to human AND organization AND technical errors, respectively.Conclusion: The majority of errors in OR was set in of human skills category. Besides, the most AND the least FAILURE MODEs were belonged to “patient anesthesia by circular activity number 20, RPN=1795.23) ” AND “not to oxygenation for patients (the activity number 36, RPN=99.33) respectively. Identification of 36 activities AND 204 errors in the 5 processes of Operating Room represents the comprehensiveness of H(FMEA) method in the identification, classification, evaluation AND ANALYSIS of the health system errors.

Introduction: According to classification of the Emergency Department (ED) as a high-risk area in a hospital, FAILUREs of six problematic emergency processes in Rasoule Akram Emergency Department were identified, assessed, prioritized, AND analyzed in order to improve patients' safety. The FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS ((FMEA)), as one of the risk management techniques, was used for the ANALYSIS.Methods: This was a descriptive research that quantitatively AND qualitatively analyzed some FAILURE MODEs AND EFFECTS. (FMEA) is a team-based, systematic, proactive technique that is used to prevent process AND product problems before they occur. For identification of root causes of the analyzed FAILUREs, Eindhoven Classification MODEl (ECM) was used.Results: By (FMEA), 51 FAILURE MODEs in the 6 selected emergency processes were identified AND assessed.With the 75% reliability, 16 FAILURE MODEs (with RPN³250) were identified AND entitled as "FAILUREs with non-acceptable risk", AND then root causes of them were classified by ECM.Conclusion: According to these result, Proactive (FMEA) was an efficient AND effective method for identifying AND prioritizing the improvable points of a running process in a crowded AND complex hospital ward, such as an ED.

Background & Aim: Triage AND patient assessment is at the root of many risk management issues related to Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this research was to identify AND analyze all the FAILURE MODEs (AND/or improvable points) of triage process in Rasool-e-Akram Emergency Department (ED) AND propose actions in order to optimize this process.Materials AND Methods: In this descriptive research, FAILUREs was identified AND analyzed by the qualitative quantitative FAILURE MODEs AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS ((FMEA)) methodology. (FMEA) is a team-based, systematic, proactive methodology that is used to prevent process AND product problems before they occur. Gathering data was focused on groups through weekly sessions of (FMEA) team which its results documented on (FMEA) main worksheet.Findings: By (FMEA) methodology, 29 FAILURE MODEs along 11 listed triage tasks were identified AND documented. With 85% reliability (that is reducing risk of FAILUREs with Risk Priority Number (RPN) > 150), 4FAILUREs were identified as a high risk ones in this studied process which included "delayed entry of patient/patient s family to ED" with RPN=252, "short-time triage for patient initial assessment" AND "incorrect recording of patient blood oxygen" with 245 AND "Delayed patient electrocardiography" with 160. The RPN of "Delayed entry of patient/patient s family to ED" FAILURE was reduced from 252 to 112, while some actions had taken to reduce one of this FAILURE causes' occurrence.Conclusion: According to these findings, (FMEA) was an efficient AND effective methodology for identifying AND prioritizing the improvable points of a running triage process in a crowded AND complex hospital ward, such as an ED AND also for predicting effective risk reduction actions.